Investigation of ruling parameters on the growth of side and back stimulated Raman scattering in inhomogeneous plasmas at shock ignition laser intensity

G. Cristoforetti, E. Hume, S. Agarwal, D. Batani, M. Cervenak, P. Devi, R. Dudzak, D. Ettel, P. Gajdos, K. Glize, S. Jelinek, L. Juha, P. Koester, M. Krupka, M. Krus, H. Larreur, G. Malka, D. Mancelli, P. E. Masson-Laborde, A. Morace, Ph. Nicolai, O. Renner, D. Singappuli, S. Singh, M. Tatarakis, X. Yuan, Y. Wang, N. Woolsey, J. Zhang, X. Zhao and L. A. Gizzi

Matter Radiat. Extremes 10, 045401 (2025)

Abstract

Recent experiments at the National Ignition Facility and theoretical modeling suggest that side stimulated Raman scattering (SSRS) instability could reduce laser–plasma coupling and generate considerable fluxes of suprathermal hot electrons under interaction conditions envisaged for direct-drive schemes for inertial confinement fusion. Nonetheless, SSRS remains to date one of the least understood parametric instabilities. Here, we report the first angularly and spectrally resolved measurements of scattered light at laser intensities relevant for the shock ignition scheme (I ∼ 10¹⁶ W/cm²), showing significant SSRS growth in the direction perpendicular to the laser polarization. Modification of the focal spot shape and orientation, obtained by using two different random phase plates, and of the density gradient of the plasma, by utilizing exploding foil targets of different thicknesses, clearly reveals a different dependence of backward SRS (BSRS) and SSRS on experimental parameters. While convective BSRS scales with plasma density scale length, as expected by linear theory, the growth of SSRS depends on the spot extension in the direction perpendicular to laser polarization. Our analysis therefore demonstrates that under current experimental conditions, with density scale lengths Ln ≈ 60–120 μm and spot sizes FWHM ≈ 40–100 μm, SSRS is limited by laser beam size rather than by the density scale length of the plasma.